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respondents are important factors that affect performance results." Said Liu Yuanchun, respondents will not necessarily fill out and correctly filled in, for many reasons, such as high-income households declined to be true income, some rural households affected by the cultural level of the limit will not fill, even some perfunctory treatment of the respondents do not cooperate with the investigation.
while the developed economies,air max sito ufficiale, especially the implementation of the Gini coefficient is high welfare state policies to be smaller. Yin Chen emphasized, the Gini coefficient is not the only measure of income distribution indicators,sito ufficiale nike, not blindly worship the Gini coefficient, the Gini coefficient or the only theory. Analysis of a country or region of income distribution Gini coefficient also needs to be combined with some other indicators. Gini coefficient calculation unaffected? Respondents performance,nike sito ufficiale, the number of samples, sampling methods, is difficult to calculate income projects can affect the measurement results Many experts admit that in actual operation among the Gini coefficient estimates, there are many problems. "The reliability of household surveys, select a random sample size and sampling methods, the dual structure of urban-rural income countries obviously inconsistent statistical caliber,scarpe nike air max, as well as difficult to count the number of income-generating projects, are seriously affected estimates of the Gini coefficient." Yin Chen said and scientific computing Gini coefficient requires three basic conditions: First, get real income data, the second is to correctly handle the raw data,air jordan milano, the third is to select the appropriate estimation method. "In the course of sampling survey.
wealth distribution, household liabilities asset investigation, for the country Bureau of Statistics data provide new support. Can you briefly compare the Gini coefficient? Indicators differences affect comparability between countries,air max italia, not simply for international comparison,air max outlet, the Gini coefficient is not the only theory "Calculating the Gini coefficient for the currently used formula is the same, but the differences affect the comparability of indicators between countries." Chen Yin, in accordance with the definition of the World Bank, the Gini coefficient reflects income or consumption expenditure Distribution of different individuals or households. Most of the world is a statistical distribution of income and after-tax income is defined as disposable income,christian louboutin, but there are some national statistics are distributed consumer spending.
Yin morning that, due to the high cost of a nationwide survey,louboutin chaussures, the survey samples are small,barbour paris, and can not be sustained,louboutin femme, there is some form of annual data only. For example Xinancaida selected 25 provinces,louboutin soldes, 80 counties, 320 communities altogether 8,438 households, compared with the NBS 400,basket louboutin,000 urban and rural households,air jordan shop, there is a huge difference in the number of samples. Small number of samples are more prone to data bias. "An agency in a particular year released a single Gini coefficient, which is scientific, referential not very strong." Vice president of Renmin University of China, said Liu Yuanchun, Xinancaida Gini coefficient was criticized mainly positive because the relatively small number of academic institutions exist, narrow range of issues, sample distribution by accidental impact of the digital leap changes may occur in the sample selection. Dr. World Bank Development Economics Research Bureau Chen Shaohua introduction.
the Bank Gini coefficient is based on household survey data provided by Member States of national income or consumption estimates,air jordan 4, including two coefficient Gini income and consumption. For South Asia, Africa, the Middle East and most of Eastern Europe, East Asian countries (including China), the World Bank recently published the Gini coefficient is consumption. "The World Bank's Gini coefficient Gini coefficient with the National Bureau of Statistics there are two things in common, one large sample size, the second is the basic guarantee of the continuity of time, and therefore relatively more scientific, more reference to sex." Said Liu Yuanchun . Civil society organizations also have their own views. "Standardized civil investigation is a useful supplement government investigation." Professor Yin Zhichao Xinancaida deputy director household financial survey and research centers in China believe that Xinancaida supplementary income distribution.
such as India. Because the factor of diminishing marginal propensity to consume, the Gini coefficient calculated using consumer spending will be significantly lower than the income Gini coefficient calculated, for example, in 2005 the World Bank published in India Gini coefficient is 0.33, but if the income measure would more than 0.6; Conversely,air jordan milano, if the calculated China's Gini coefficient of consumption expenditure, the Gini coefficient in 2005 China will be only 0.26. National Bureau of Statistics Household Survey Office Wang Pingping introduced income index is standard, with a total revenue metrics or indicators of disposable income, we are on the Gini coefficient and trends affected. Therefore, when an international comparison of Gini coefficient or timing comparison,chaussure louboutin femme, also need to be aware of the comparability of the underlying data. Wang Pingping said that the international community does not have a tissue or textbook give the most suitable standard Gini coefficient, but there are a lot of people think 0.4 is the dividing line, the gap is too large to cross 0.4. Generally speaking, the smaller population compared with the area or the country, a vast territory, large population and the natural environment are quite different countries,nike air jordan, the Gini coefficient will be higher. Economic growth in the country early or pre-industrialization, the Gini coefficient is bigger.
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